Music and Film - Interesting Research Paper Topics

Music and Film - Interesting Research Paper TopicsMusic and film can be explored with a number of interesting research paper topics, making it a great choice for students. Music is such a broad subject, and the line between music and film can be quite blurred. In this article we'll look at some interesting music and film research paper topics.Researchers interested in this topic will find it useful to explore this type of study for several reasons. Firstly, the growing ability to make music and film means that there are many talented musicians and directors around today. This means that even the most amateur of researchers can get their research work noticed.Secondly, because it is relatively easy to incorporate some form of media into a piece of music, anyone interested in the topic will find that it's quite simple to use some form of media to further their research. For example, musicians may use music as a device to support their work. Film-makers often use musical pieces in order to enhance the look and feel of their films.This ability to use media as well as music can also be used to create brand identity. This can make it more difficult for audiences to separate the visual element from the music. For example, let's take a look at a classic example.It's common knowledge that musical pieces were often played by African American children in order to pass on the family's culture and way of life. To encourage them to perform and become better at playing, many communities would organize charity events in which they would play an official song in order to foster interest in music.In addition to being a means of encouraging young people to become interested in music, such events served as a form of entertainment for audiences. And this is how important it is to use some form of music in research papers, whether it's for entertainment or for research purposes. By looking at this problem and considering its many aspects, we can then determine what it means to condu ct a study on African American music.That means we'll have to examine the mechanics of the musical work and the different factors which contribute to its success. After doing so, we can determine what research paper topics should be explored in depth, as well as what a good research paper should include. It's not difficult to see how the music and film industry would benefit from the inclusion of music and film in a piece of research, but it's important to realise that it can also be used to benefit any research which makes use of it.Perhaps the most important factor is the fact that it's so easy to integrate music and film into our research. For example, if we want to study the history of American jazz, there's plenty of music out there which can be used in our research. Whether it's a piece of traditional jazz, new jazz, or contemporary, it can be used as a way to introduce our audience to a piece of music which has a particular feel.

Getting the Best Critical Thinking Assignment

Getting the Best Critical Thinking Assignment Critical Thinking Assignment If you don't complete ALL of the essential information fields, you are going to get an error message. After the third absence, you will want to meet up with me to speak about your circumstance. Otherwise, don't fret as you're going to be asked another question. Figure out the result choose the answer that you believe is the right solution. What About Critical Thinking Assignment? Select Check'' to see whether you are correct. Details will be supplied in class. Our service, in addition to our Support Team, is available 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, which means that we're always prepared to execute urgent tasks also. Students are expected to actively take part in coursework weekly as a way to effectively master the program material. By having a wide variety of unique experiences you'll be able to improve and sharpen your creative thinking. Furthermore, critical thinking is believed to help peo ple better understand one another, thus enhancing our capacity to communicate and adapt to several conditions. In addition, it is essential in present-day social and economic context. Creative thinking in practical situations can signify finding alternative approaches to approach difficulties. Choosing Good Critical Thinking Assignment The aim of the game is to construct a pipe between the beginning and end point. If you're going to ponder, you will observe that mind isn't only complex, but among the best creations by the God. There isn't anything like making informed choice. If your thinking skills become maxed out, there's a hint button. This assignment calls for you to finish a table that will concentrate on a recent expertise in your life. Additional there are dozens and dozens of businesses that offer critical thinking writing assignment help for those students that is because nearly all of the students lack the ability of reading and writing a critical thinking assignment. The lengthy lesson provides the chance to develop these abilities and teach a new topic at the exact same moment. The very best advice I can offer you is to earn a path through the middle of the board. New Step by Step Roadmap for Critical Thinking Assignment Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. Thus, in case you have an option of picking your topic then choose wisely, you will need to stay in mind you have enough interest on the subject, abundant data is available on the subject and also your topic isn't similar to your peers. The principal concepts used in the article which relate to the most important matter. A very clear relationship between the info used and the author's major issue is drawn. Analyze the issue in the scenario. The information used by the author and its relationship to the major issue. Creative Thinking is just one of the Victoria University graduate attributes. Coffee sales are anticipated to increase. 1 way or another, do not hesitate to get in touch with our Customer Support and request critical thinking essay examples! Truth be told, it isn't entirely erroneous. The Critical Thinking Assignment Trap Your passwordis the exact password which you use for Mygateway. It is essential that you also monitor your gradebook. Late assignments won't be accepted. Thus, all assignments carry lots of mark which often have the capacity to pass you a semester. Each group will get precisely the same number of papers since they have members in their group, to be assessed (but they will get none of their very own papers). There is an increasing amount of Americans who don't vote in national and local elections. Human species don't usually ponder on the trait that's practiced on a daily basis. New Ideas Into Critical Thinking Assignment Never Before Revealed The idea is to choose the country of the flag shown. At the exact same time that it would be costly to modify the practice so as to minimize the health issue. There isn't anything wrong in asking for help when you want it. Every parents dream of ensuring their kid is ready for the future. The True Meaning of Critical Thinking Assignment Be sure your research doesn't contain incomplete or contradictory data. For instance, the suggested program is designed to help identify employee health problems, however different folks may consider unique things to be health troubles. Students will be set on SAP Probation should they fail to fulfill the minimum SAP standards while on SAP Warning. Active students who do not fulfill the minimum SAP standards after one trimester is going to be set on SAP Warning. A Secret Weapon for Critical Thinking Assignment Keep in mind that the price depends upon the given information. An example may be an item database and pricing database where the solution and price ought to go together. The cost should be accepted by you. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert.

Intubated Patients Develop Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

Critically ill patients who are intubated on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours of are at an increased risk of 6 to 21 times of developing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Patients intubated for lesser than 24 hours are at 3 times the risk of acquiring VAP.15 VAP is the parenchymal lung infection and alveolitis, the accumulation of inflammatory exudates and infiltration of airway mucosa can lead to unfavourable respiratory mechanics occurring at least 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation. VAP is one reason for high costs and prolonged length of hospital stay in the intensive care units (ICU).9 The morbidity and mortality of VAP is increasingly high, mortality rates ranges from 20% to 41%. The risk of development of VAP increases days of ventilation by 4 days, critical care by 4 days and lengths of hospital stay by 9 days, respectively and these factors adds to additional costs per VAP case.16 VAP prolongs the need for mechanical ventilation that may keep patients with a poor prognosis from their underlying commodities in the ICU. Both these factors would increase the probability of death rates in the ICU among patients who have developed VAP. 17 A prospective, matched cohort study was conducted to evaluate the attributable morbidity and mortality of VAP in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. One hundred and seventy-seven patients developed VAP and stayed in the ICU for 4.3 days longer and had a trend toward an increase in risk of deathShow MoreRelatedVentilator Associated Pneumonia in the Icu1301 Words   |  6 PagesVentilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection occurring in hospitalized patients who are mechanically ventilated. These infections are common in ICU settings, difficult to diagnose early, and unfortunately have a high rate of mortality and morbidity. VAP accounts for almost half of infections in ICU settings, up to 28% of mechanically ventilated patients will develop VAP and of these patients the mortality rate is between 20% and 70% (Craven Steger, 1998). A patient that developsRead MoreSaline Instillation Down The Endotracheal Tube1533 Words   |  7 Pagessecretions and aid in suctioni ng mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care units. Many respiratory therapists and nurses are currently using saline with endotracheal suctioning without an adequate knowledge of any existing evidence-based research or recommendation to guide the practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine whether saline instillation for bronchial hygiene was beneficial or harmful to the patients and to provide evidence-based guidelines to be followedRead MoreZap Vap Essays3726 Words   |  15 PagesINTRODUCTION Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common infection that patients develop while in the hospital and the leading cause of death due to hospital acquired infections (Augustyn, 2007). Hospital acquired infections are also known as nosocomial infections. VAP usually happens when patients are on mechanical ventilation (the ventilator) for over 48 hours. VAP is costly because it increases the hospital length of stay, often times in the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Patients areRead MoreVentilator Associated Pneumonia Compounds The Risks Of Critically Ill Patients Face1341 Words   |  6 PagesVentilator-associated pneumonia compounds the risks that critically-ill patients face in hospitalization. It affects a high proportion of patients on ventilators and has a fluctuating morbidity rate. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the potential usefulness of chlorhexidine in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults. The paper features a review of literature found via MedScape using the keywords â€Å"chlorhexidine,† â€Å"ventilator-associated pneumonia,† â€Å"long-term ventilation† and â€Å"preventionRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine in the Prevention of Pneumonia3242 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract Pneumonia is a life threatening disease for the elderly patients and is a leading cause of death in patients who are seriously ill and have been admitted to the ICU and are on mechanical breathing support, also known as the ventilator. Researchers have concluded that oral hygiene is the main culprit in the development of pneumonia in these patients. In this paper, we shall look at effectiveness of the use of an oral antiseptic agent called chlorhexidine. We will discuss the use of chlorhexidineRead MoreVentilator Associated Pneumoni Pneumonia2009 Words   |  9 Pages Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Karissa Ellison George Washington University Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Introduction Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia in a patient who is intubated and ventilated at the time of the onset of the event or 48 hours before, and VAP rate as the number of ventilator-associated pneumonias per 1,000 ventilator days (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2014a). The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) gives the followingRead MoreVentilator associated pneumonia9970 Words   |  40 PagesPrevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Abstract Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired infection occurs in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the patients who are on mechanical ventilator. It further complicates the hospital course by extending the length of stay, increase the cost of treatment, and increases the mortality rate. It is estimated that about 1% to 3% patients on mechanical ventilator develops VAP per day. Compared to the previous years, the ChlorhexidineRead MoreAction Pl Unplanned Extubation1461 Words   |  6 Pages Action Plan: Unplanned Extubation in the NICU Angelica Moore Purdue University Northwest Patient Safety/Quality Improvement Statement and Chosen Cause that will Drive Improvement An unplanned extubation (UE) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is an unforeseen occurrence observed due to various factors. One of these is due to the lack of a procedural standardization among healthcare providers. This is notably evident when staff is handling the infant during daily assessmentsRead MoreVentilator Associated Pneumonia Prevention And Ventilator Patients1965 Words   |  8 Pages Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Leonard, T. N. Thomas Edison State College â€Æ' Abstract Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a big drawback within the hospital setting, with terribly high morbidity, mortality, and cost. Some people tend to perform an evidence-based review of the literature that specializes in clinically relevant pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to prevent VAP. Thanks to the importance of this condition the implementation of preventiveRead MoreCritical Study And Analysis Of Oral Care928 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy and analysis of the oral care provided by nursing staff as part of the Ventilator Care Bundle (VCB) and to assess whether the frequency of mouth care performed is related to the prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in patients mechanically ventilated (Zilberberg et al. 2009). The following document is a case study written by an intensive care nurse, who will explore the oral care provided to a patient admitted in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and will assess the overall care process

Mdrym free essay sample

This study adds to the body of research that has been conducted in the charitable giving area to help us better understand the relationship between these two aspects. An exploratory analysis of 143 males and 161 females suggests that people are most likely to make their charitable giving decisions based on the reputation of a charity. The results of this study also suggest that some factors have differing influences across demographic groups. Managerial implications are discussed. Keywords: management of nonprofits, nonprofit marketing, charitable giving, donations to charities, demographics and charitable donations, charitable donor behavior, management of nonprofit foundations. Introduction Many ©American universities and health services organizations were built on a foundation of philanthropic giving. In fact, prior to the age of health care insurance, hospitals relied on donations to remain viable. The onset of health insurance took the pressure off philanthropy for many years in the hospital industry as did state funding in our nation’s universities. However, today in the age of evaporating operating profits, charitable giving is becoming an important funding source and an area of focus for executives in many of our nation’s universities and not-for-profit organizations (Jaklevic, 2000). Statistics show that seven out of 10 people donate money during their lifetime, indicating that charity is big business (Hughes, 2002). Charitable organizations, specifically, have seen a 44 percent increase ($191 billion) since 1990 with some interruptions of late because of the stock market problems (Shinkman, 2001). Nonetheless, the importance of philanthropic giving is becoming more and more critical to long-term viability. Given this, it seems that the knowledge of what factors influence donor giving would be of great benefit to fund-raisers and development officers alike. For marketing strategies to be effective, marketers must first have detailed information on who their customers are and what motivates their actions. Peltier, Schibrowky, and Schultz (2002) suggest that most organizations have not gained full knowledge of why their donors perform as they do and what can be done to influence those behaviors. Therefore, in this paper we investigate six factors that influence charitable giving. Specifically, we examine those factors previously identified in the literature to determine which have the largest impact on charitable giving. We also examine to what  © Robin L. Snipes, Sharon L. Oswald, 2010. extent the influences of these factors are related to donor demographics. Though the charitable-giving literature shows that demographics are important influencers of charitable giving behavior, little empirical research has been done to better understand this relationship. 1. Theoretical framework 1. 1. Factors that affect donor behavior. The question as to whether individuals differ systematically in their charitable giving has been a subject of much debate (Eckel and Grossman, 2000; Nelson, 2001; Sell, Griffin and Wilson, 1993). Some research suggests that people are rational beings and are likely not to make large contributions towards a public good (Landesman, 1995). Other studies of public goods have found the opposite to be true (Fischbacher, Gachter, and Fehr, 2000). While average household contributions to philanthropic organizations have grown in recent years, the number of people actually contributing has fallen (Cohen, 2001). Thus, the question remains, what motivates an individual to make a monetary donation? Past studies have suggested that several factors can impact charitable contributions. Hughes (2002) found that personal experience1 with an organization was a motivating factor for charitable giving (Hughes, 2002). Likewise, in their study of 49 British givers, Radley and Kennedy (1995) found that personal experience with the charity, either directly or indirectly2, was the major reason people elected to donate money. Nelson (2001) found that women, in particular, were likely to make monetary contributions to organizations with which they felt 1 Personal experience is defined as either being a recipient of the charitable contributions (monetary) or a patient at a not-for-profit facility. 2 Indirect experience is defined as someone who can relate to the work of the not-for-profit organization because of something in their own life (e. g. , cancer patients and the American Cancer Society). 73 Innovative Marketing, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2010 personally or emotionally connected. This was supported by Shinkman (2001) who suggested that former patients were likely to make monetary donations to hospitals as an expression of gratitude. Hart (1999) reported that the most common reason donors get involved with not-for-profit organizations was to help others in need or to help find a means of saving lives – such as donations to entities like the American Heart Association or the American Cancer Society. This sentiment was echoed by Cohen (2001: 4) who suggested â€Å"charity fuels†, adding that more people are seeing the need to help and want to take it upon themselves to do so. Familiarity with the not-for-profit organization has also been found to be a reason for monetary donations. People become familiar with a not-forprofit organization often because of the involvement by famous people. For example, Lance Armstrong promotes his favorite charities through benefit bike rides. Marketing and advertising campaigns for notfor-profit and charitable organizations have become more prevalent in recent years as a means of trying to familiarize the public with their product or service. Some studies of donor behavior in not-for-profit companies have suggested that marketing communications affect the donors perception of the quality of the services provided by the organization (see Peltier Schibrowsky, and Schultz, 2002). Guy and Patten (1989) suggest that the donation decision process is sequential in nature and proposed three time-ordered stages: (1) potential donors must first become aware others are in need of help and deserve to be helped; (2) benefits of donating must be understood; and (3) potential donors must accept the responsibility for solving this problem or helping the eneficiaries. In the marketing of notfor-profit donations, both stages (1) and (2) above are related to communications strategies. In other words, organizations that do a better job communicating the benefits of their services and developing name awareness should receive more donations. This philosophy was proven true by UCLA Medical Center when it decided to name its flagship facility af ter former President Ronald Reagan. Thirty percent of those pledging in the campaign were first time donors who wanted to see the building named for the former president (Cohen, 2001). Related to familiarity is the scope of services and the perceived reputation of a not-for-profit organization. Some previous research on not-forprofit charitable contributions has indicated that donors are motivated in part by the reputation (Andreoni and Scholz, 1998; Peltier, Schibrowsky, 74 and Schultz, 2002)1. Additionally, research in the advertising area has shown that targeted advertising and communications expenditures are highly correlated with perceived quality and reputation of a brand name (see White and Miles, 1996). This suggests that strategies to increase donor communications and the number and quality of services provided by a healthcare organization could also increase its name awareness and reputation. Another factor that has been studied in the past is employer recommendations of specific charities. Many employers make specific charity recommendations to their employees. For example, United Way campaigns take place annually in companies throughout the US. Employees are asked to give to charities at their place of work. Many fundraisers feel that large leadership contributions can be influential in encouraging more and larger contributions by others (Bakal, 1979). Radley and Kennedy (1995) note that whether people make donations at all, and, if so how much they give, may be affected by social norms. Their own judgments as to what organizations to support and how much to give to that organization may be totally based on what is normative for their group (Macaulay, 1970). Thus, if it is the norm to give to a particular not-for-profit, the individual will not break with the norm. Hence, employer recommendations may play a significant role in the donation decision-making process. In summary, the following factors have been previously found to contribute to the decisionmaking process for charitable donations to a not-forprofit organization: (1) employer recommendations for charitable contributions; (2) previous assistance from or experience with the not-for-profit organization; (3) the scope of the services provided by the organization; (4) awareness of the organization and its services; (5) reputation of the organization; and (6) advertisements by the organization for needed donations. However, the question still remains, which of these factors are more influential in the donor decision process? The marketing literature may provide some guidance on which factors will have the greatest impact on charitable giving behavior. As mentioned in the foregoing literature review, previous consumer behavior research has found that brand equity has a large effect on price elasticity and customer loyalty. Given this, we posit the following hypothesis: 1 Reputation here relates to the public perception of whether or not the organization is doing what is expected. Innovative Marketing, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2010 Hypothesis 1: Favorable name recognition of a charity will have the largest impact on donor giving behavior. 1. 2. Demographic influences on charitable giving behavior. There is growing evidence to suggest that men’s and women’s taste for giving is quite different. For example, Eller (1997) found a considerable difference between men and women in their estate giving, while other studies have found that price and income affect men’s and women’s propensity to give differently. Researchers from the social and behavioral sciences have long supported the stereotypes that men are more individually oriented, as traditional economic theory would suggest, and thus, less likely to contribute to charitable causes, while women are more socially-oriented and, therefore, more willing to contribute (Eckel and Grossman, 2000). As early as 1965, Rapoport and Chammah examined behavioral differences between the genders in monetary situations and through the years the results have met with mixed reviews. Nowell and Tinkler (1994) found, all other things being equal, that women made higher contributions. Newman (1996) found that women are more likely than men to donate when they see a need – a sense or urgency. A later study by Eckel and Grossman (2000) indicated that in situations where risk was involved in the monetary situation, there was no significant gender difference; however, when risk was no longer part of the equation, women demonstrated more sociallyoriented and less individually-oriented behaviors. Specifically, women tended to be more generous with their giving than men. Similar results were found by Chrenka, Gutter and Jasper (2003) who looked only at unmarried men and women who headed households. On the contrary, based on a series of public goods experiments, Brown-Kruse and Hummels (1993) and Sell et al. (1993) found that women contributed less to the public good than did men. Specifically, in the Sell et al. ’s (1993) study, men were found to have contributed 61. 1 percent to the public good as compared to 48. 7 percent for women. In addition, a 2000 Harris Interactive Poll found that men were more motivated by tax benefits to give to charities than were women (Chaker, 2001). Based on the foregoing literature review the following hypothesis is advanced: Hypothesis 2: There will be gender differences in the impact of each factor on charitable giving decisions. The results of a study by Radley and Kennedy (1995) indicate that other demographic characteristics might also affect donor behavior. Their study showed that donors who were older, married, and in higher income brackets were more likely to be influenced by the factor of â€Å"previous assistance from charity† in their charitable giving decision-making. Respondents in their study commented that their attitudes to charity had changed over the years as they had matured, married, had children and aging parents, and experienced the sickness of relatives or friends. These life events were all seen as making the person more sensitive to the needs of others and to the plight of people in desperate situations. Some spoke of â€Å"getting a better perspective†, and of â€Å"being less self-interested† as they got older. Others mentioned having more disposable income to donate, though having less time to spare because of increased commitments. Chrenka et al. 2003) likewise found that individuals with greater than a high school degree were more likely to make charitable donations than those with less education. And, in accordance with Radley and Kennedy (1995), Newman (2000) found that older individuals were more likely to contribute than younger individuals primarily because they were in lower income brackets. Previous research in the charitable giving literature leads us to the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 3: The influence of each factor will differ significantly across demographic groups based on age, income, marital status and education. 2. Method 2. 1. Sample. In order to investigate our hypotheses, a mall intercept survey was conducted containing questions relating to both donor influences and demographics. The mall intercept was held in a Southeastern US town of nearly 300,000 with an average household income of $47,600 (according to the 2000 census). As an incentive to participate in the survey, the respondents were told that they would be given coupons for discounts at mall retailers. This procedure was repeated every day, at various times, for two weeks, generating a total of 304 usable responses for the study. The sample consisted of 143 males and 161 females. . 2. Measures. 2. 2. 1. Factors influencing donations. Based on the foregoing literature review, we asked respondents to rate, on a scale of 1 to 7 (1 = very unlikely and 7 = very likely), the likelihood that each of the following factors would influence their decisions about charitable giving: (1) employer recommendation; (2) previous assistance from or experience with a chari ty; (3) the scope of the services provided; (4) awareness of the charity and services provided by the charity; (5) reputation of the charity; and (6) advertisements (by charity) for needed donations. 75 Innovative Marketing, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2010 2. 2. 2. Demographics. Five demographic variables previously discussed in the literature (i. e. , age, gender, marital status, household income, education) were included in the survey. The majority of respondents were younger than 40 years old (74. 5%), Caucasian (73. 9%), and reported having at least a college education (80. 8%). Over half were married (51. 9%). 3. Data analysis and results 3. 1. Factors influencing donations – the magnitude examination. Analyses were conducted to explore which factors have the largest influence on consumers charitable giving decisions. As hypothesized, the results show that people are most likely to make their charitable giving decision on the reputation of a charity. This factor had a significantly higher mean score (5. 75) than the others, followed by the scope of services (mean = 5. 26) and awareness of charity (mean = 5. 25). The employers’ recommendation factor seems to have the least influence on people’s charitable giving (mean = 3. 75). The factors of advertisements for needed donations (mean = 4. 11) and previous assistance from charity (mean = 4. 69) have only a moderate influence on charitable giving decisions. 3. 2. Impact of donor demographics on donations. Several regression analyses with optimal scaling (CATREG) were conducted to investigate the relationships between factors influencing donors’ charitable giving decisions and donor demographics. Using optimal scaling allowed the categorical data to be quantified by assigning numerical values to the categories, resulting in an optimal linear regression equation with the transformed variables. Regression with optimal scaling is also known by the acronym CATREG, for categorical regression with optimal scaling. CATREG extends the standard regression approach by simultaneously scaling nominal, ordinal, and numerical variables. The procedure quantifies categorical variables such that the quantifications reflect characteristics of the original categories. By doing so, it treats quantified categorical variables in the same way as numerical variables. Using nonlinear transformations it allows variables to be analyzed at a variety of levels to find the best-fitting model. The likelihood of being influenced by each of the six factors was used as the interval dependent variable respectively. Five demographic variables (i. e. , age, gender, marital status, household income, education) were the independent variables. Thus, the effects of these five variables on each factor were examined. In order to evaluate the models, F tests of significance were used. This statistical analysis first focused on the significance of the whole demographic domain, and then the individual 76 variables that comprise this domain. For each dependent variable, we first conducted a regression analysis with optimal scaling to determine whether demographics (as a whole) influence the dependent variable. A statistically significant result means that demographics are related to the influence of the factor being studied. Individual regressions were then applied to those individual variables that were not significant in the model to eliminate the possible problem of multicollinearity, which could cause potentially influential variables to be mistakenly considered unimportant (see Table 1 below). Having identified possible demographic variables that were important in explaining the likelihood of being influenced by each factor in charitable giving decision, we then described the group mean effectiveness of these factors using the demographics as classification variables. 3. 2. 1. Employer recommendations and demographics. The overall demographic regression equation provided a significant model for explaining likelihood of being influenced by â€Å"employer recommendation† (F = 3. 004, Sig. = . 007). The aggregate model was only significant for one of the five demographic variables investigated (see Table 1). Age was the primary influential demographic factor. The analysis indicated that older people were slightly more likely to be influenced by employer recommendation in their charitable decision-making than younger people (Beta = 8. 016E-02, F = 1. 720). None of the insignificant individual demographics in the aggregate model were found to be significant in the individual regression models. 3. 2. 2. Previous assistance from the charity and demographics. The aggregate model of demographics on influence of previous assistance from the charity for charitable giving decision was again statistically significant (F = 2. 137, Sig. = 0. 049). Three of the demographic variables were statistically significant for the model (see Table 1). Level of education seemed to have a large and positive impact on influence of previous assistance from the charity. A higher likelihood of being influenced by this factor was found in people with higher education (Beta = 0. 114, F = 3. 662). On the other hand, the analysis indicated that females were more likely to be affected by previous assistance from the charity in their charitable decisions (Beta = 9. 859E-02, F = 2. 831) (see Table 1). Marital status was also found to be an influential demographic factor. It was negatively related to the dependent variable (Beta = -0. 134, F = 3. 731), indicating that single people Innovative Marketing, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2010 ere more likely to be influenced by previous assistance on charitable decision-making than non-single respondents. Again, none of the insignificant individual demographics in the aggregate model were found to be significant in the individual regression models (see Table 1). Table 1. Regression with optimal scaling for factors influencing charitable giving Dependent variables Employer recommendation Previous assistance from charity The scope of services provided Awareness of charity Reputation of charity Aggregate model fit F = 3. 004* P = . 007 F = 2. 137* P = . 049) F = 2. 303* P= . 035) F = 1. 977 P=. 069 F = 1. 546 P= . 63 F = 6. 443 P = . 000 Significant independent variables Age Gender Marital status Highest level of education Gender Annual household income Highest level of education Gender Highest level of education Ethic group Age Age Gender Marital status Annual household income Highest level of education Standard coefficient 8. 016E-02* 9. 859E-02* -. 134* . 114* . 100* . 137* -7. 898E-02* . 106* 8. 688E-02* . 104* . 136* -. 171* . 159* . 100* . 150* -. 105* Standard error . 061 . 059 . 069 . 060. .058 . 060 . 058 . 058 . 060 . 058 . 063 . 062 . 055 . 058 . 063 . 056 Fstatistic 1. 720 2. 831 3. 731 3. 662 3. 007 5. 107 1. 864 3. 361 2. 02 3. 172 4. 638 7. 465 8. 230 2. 984 5. 581 3. 594 Advertisements for needed donations Note: * Significant at p lt; 0. 05. 3. 2. 3. Scope of services provided and demogra phics. The overall demographic regression equation provided a significant model for explaining likelihood of being influenced by â€Å"the scope of services provided† (F = 2. 303, Sig. = . 035). The aggregate model was significant for three of the five demographic variables investigated. The analysis indicated that higher educated people were somewhat less likely to be influenced by the scope of services provided in their charitable decisionmaking (Beta = -7. 98E-02, F = 1. 864). However, people with higher income were much more likely to be influenced by this factor than those with lower income (Beta = 0. 137, F = 5. 107). Additionally, the analysis showed that the scope of service provided was more likely to influence females than males (Beta = 0. 100, F = 3. 007). â€Å"Age† and â€Å"marital status†, the two insignificant individual demographics in the aggregate model, were found insignificant in the corresponding individual regression models (see Table 1). 3. 2. 4. Awareness of charity and demographics. The ggregate model of demographics on influence of awareness of charity for charitable giving decisions was marginally significant at 90% confidence level (F = 1. 977, Sig. = 0. 069). Two of the demographic variables were statistically significant for the model (see Table 1). The analysis indicated that females were more likely to be affected by awareness in making their charitable decision (Beta = 0. 106, F = 3. 361). Also, higher educated individuals were more likely to be affected by charity awareness (Beta = 8. 69. F = 2. 102). 3. 2. 5. Reputation of charity and demographics. The overall demographic regression equation provided a non-significant model for explaining likelihood of being influenced by â€Å"reputation of charity† (F = 1. 546, Sig. = . 163). (see Table 1). One demographic variable was found significant by checking individual variables. The analysis indicated that older people were more likely to be influenced by reputation of charity in their charitable decisionmaking than younger people (Beta = 0. 136, F = 4. 638). None of the insignificant individual demographics in the aggregate model were found significant in the individual regression models. . 2. 6. Advertisements for needed donations and demographics. The aggregate model of demographics on influence of advertisements for charitable giving decisions was statistically significant (F = 6. 443, Sig. = 0. 000). All demographic variables were statistically significant for the model (see Table 1). For instance, single people were less likely to be influenced by advertisements for neede d donations than non-single respondents (Beta = 0. 100, F = 2. 984), and older people are less likely to be influenced by this factor than younger people (Beta = -0. 171, F = 7. 465). A higher likelihood of being influenced by this factor was found in people with lower education (Beta = -0. 105, F = 3. 594) than in those with higher education. On the other hand, the analysis indicated that females were more likely to be influenced by advertisements in making their charitable decisions (Beta = 0. 159, F = 8. 230). 77 Innovative Marketing, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2010 Table 2 shows a summary of group means by demographic classification. As can be seen by this table, charity reputation has the largest impact on charitable giving across all demographic groups. However, other factors have differing influences across the demographic groups. For example, advertisements for needed donations were likely to have a larger impact on the following demographics: female, younger, and less educated. Charity awareness and Advertisements for donations Gender: Male Female Age: Young (50) Marital Status: Single Married Divorced/Widowed Education: High School or Less Some College Undergraduate Degree Graduate Degree Income: Lower ($75,001) 3. 8 4. 4 4. 3 3. 9 3. 9 4. 2 4. 0 4. 3 4. 7 4. 1 3. 8 4. 1 4. 2 4. 2 4. 0 Reputation of charity 5. 7 5. 8 5. 7 6. 1 5. 4 5. 7 5. 8 5. 9 5. 8 5. 5. 7 5. 8 5. 5 6. 0 5. 6 scope of services are likely to have a larger impact on the following demographics: female, middle-age and middle-income. Previous assistance from a charity is likely to have a larger impact on the following demographics: female, single, middle-age, and higher education. As can be seen by Table 2, employer recommendations have the smallest impact on char itable giving behavior across all demographic classifications. Previous assistance from 4. 5 4. 8 4. 6 4. 9 4. 3 4. 9 4. 5 4. 5 4. 5 4. 7 4. 6 5. 0 4. 8 4. 7 4. 7 Employer recommendation 3. 6 3. 8 3. 7 3. 8 3. 6 3. 7 3. 7 4. 0 4. 0 3. 3. 8 4. 0 3. 7 3. 9 3. 6 Table 2. Group means by demographic classification Awareness of charity 5. 1 5. 4 5. 2 5. 4 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 0 5. 3 5. 2 5. 4 5. 1 Scope of services 5. 1 5. 4 5. 2 5. 5 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 5. 1 5. 3 5. 4 5. 0 5. 4 5. 2 3. 3. Factor correlations. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to determine the monotonic relationships that exist among the influences of different factors on charitable giving. The correlation coefficients indicated a significant and positive relationship between the awareness of charity and reputation of charity factors (coefficient = 0. 85), the scope of services provided and awareness of charity factors (coefficient = 0. 521), and the advertisement for needed donations and the awareness of charity factors (coefficient = 0. 443). Since the reputation of a charity was found to have the largest influence on charitable giving, other factors that were highly correlated to charity reputation could also have a large influence on donations through their effect on charity reputation. That means that the awareness of a charity could also have a large positive influence on charitable giving since it is significantly correlated to the reputation of a charity. Factors that are correlated to charity awareness included advertisements for needed donations and scope of services. Put differently, to effectively influence donor behavior, charitable organizations should look for ways to increase the perceived reputation of the charity, which includes strategies such as increasing advertisements and/or 78 increasing the scope of services provided. These actions should positively affect charity reputation that, in turn, should have a positive impact on donor behavior. Discussion, implications conclusion and managerial Our results show that the reputation of a non-profit organization is the primary factor on which people base donation decisions. In fact, this factor was found to be most important across all demographic groups. Other factors that were found to be important in the charitable contribution decision were the organizations scope of services and name awareness. Not surprisingly, a correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between charity awareness, reputation, scope of services and advertisements for needed donations. These results are consistent with previous research in the advertising area which has found a positive and significant relationship between advertising, name awareness, and brand equity (White and Miles, 1996). Brand equity is the intangible asset of added value or goodwill that results from the favorable image, impressions of differentiation, and/or the strength of consumer attachment to a company name, brand name, or Innovative Marketing, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2010 trademark (Belch and Belch, p. 56). Brand name awareness and brand equity allow a brand to earn greater sales volume and enjoy higher profit margins than it could without the name (see Farris and Reibstein, 1979). One interesting finding in this study was that scope of services factor was found to be positively and significantly correlated with charity reputation. Prior to this study, little research was available on the effect of scope of services on charitable contributions. Our results imply that, ceteris paribus, health care organizations that offer a greater number of services will be perceived in higher regard than those with more narrow offerings. Since adding services tends to broaden the target market, it would make intuitive sense that name awareness would increase as the number of services offered increases. Additionally, charitable organizations with a broader scope of services tend to be the ones that have been around for a while and, hence, have had more time to develop name recognition and awareness through word-of-mouth communications. Based on the results of this study, strategies to increase charitable donations to health care organizations include targeted advertising. Advertising could increase brand name recognition and equity across all demographic groups, but this research suggests that advertisements are likely to have a larger impact on females, younger donors, and those with less education. Not surprisingly, this study supports previous research in the area of charitable contributions in that females were found to be more likely to be affected by advertising than males. Consistent with some previous researchers, it appears that females are more affected by the marketing strategies of charitable companies. Table 2 shows higher ratings for females across all factors. Although past research has shown conflicting results, some research on gender differences in charitable giving has supported this finding. For example, Nowell and Tinkler (1994) found, all other things being equal, that women showed higher contributions. Researchers of charitable giving behavior have recommended that marketers of health care References 1. 2. 3. 4. organizations develop longitudinal communications strategies (Kestnbaum, Kestnbaum, and Ames, 1998). Longitudinal communications strategies take advantage of the emerging media technologies to increase company-donor dialogs and nurture long-term interactive relationships. Consistent with our study, research in the area of longitudinal communications reveals that factors such as personal impact, communications frequency, and charity reputation all have an important longterm impact on private donations (see Peltier, Schibrowsky, and Schultz, 2002). This implies that increases in targeted communications and service quality should have a significant long-term positive impact on future donations. As pointed out by Peltier et al. 1998), to maximize the value of interactive relationships, it is critical to have detailed data on who your customers are, what they are doing, and information on why they are seeking a relationship. Despite the profit potential of this approach, however, few health care organizations are truly customer-focused and thus fail to reach the full potential of longit udinal marketing communications. The results of this study show that longitudinal marketing communications, along with a continued emphasis on service quality, continue to be some of the best strategies to increase charitable donations in the health care industry today. Limitations and directions for future research One limitation of this study is the sample. While taken on separate days, the sample was collected at one location in a mid-sized Southern US town. For all practical purposes, the sample was a convenience sample. The demographics of this study may not be representative of the entire US population, but the results provide a starting point for future research. Future research should perhaps look at a more stratified sample design with multiple locations that may yield differing results. While this may limit the generalizability of this study, it should be noted that mall intercepts are common in marketing research (see Hair, Bush, and Ortinau, 2009). That said, a replication of this study in multiple locations is warranted. 5. 6. Andreoni, James, and Scholz, John K. (1998). An Economic Analysis of Charitable Giving with Interdependent Preferences. Economic Inquiry, Vol. 36, 3, pp. 410-19. Bakal, Carl (1979). Charity USA. Times Books, New York. Belch, George E. , Belch, Michael (1998). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. 4th Edition, McGraw-Hill. Brown-Kruse, J. nd Hummels, D. (1993). Gender effects in laboratory public goods contributions: do individuals put their money where their mouth is? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 22, pp. 255-68. Chaker, A. M. (2001). Charitable Donations Are Shown To Vary by Gender, Study Shows. Wall Street Journal, April, 13. Chrenka, J. , Gutter, M. , and Jasper, C. (2003). G ender Differences in the Decision to Give Time or Money. Consumer Interests Annual, 40. 79 Innovative Marketing, Volume 6, Issue 1, 2010 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. Cohen, T. (2001). Charity surge: Giving grows; fewer household give. Philanthrophy Journal, April, 19. Craver, Mathews, Smith and Company Donor Study (1999). Toward 2000 and Beyond: Charitable and Social Change Giving int he New Millennium: Part 1. Fund Raising Management, Vol. 30, 3, pp. 28-31. Eckel, C. C. and Grossman, P. J. (2000). Differences in the Economic Decisions of Men and Women: Experimental Evidence. In Handbook of Results in Experimental Economics, Charles Plott and Vernon L. Smith (Eds). New York: North Holland. Eller, M. B. (1997). Federal Taxation of Wealth Transfers. Statistics of Income Bulletin. Winter 1996-97, pp. 8-63. Farris, Paul W. nd Reibstein, David J. (1979). How Prices, Ad Expenditures, and Profits are Linked. Harvard Business Review, November-December, pp. 172-84. Finch, J. and Groves, D. (1983). A labor of love: women, work and caring. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Fischbacher, U. , Simon, G. and Fehr, E. (2000). Are People Conditionally Cooperative? Evidence from a Public Goods Experiment. Institute for Empirical Research in Economics University of Zurich, working papers series. Guy, Bonnie S. and Patton, Wesley E. (1989). The Marketing of Altruistic Causes: Understanding Why People Help. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 19-30. Hair, Joseph P. , Bush, Robert P. , and Ortinau, David J. (2009). Marketing Research, 4th Ed. , McGraw-Hill Publishers. Hart, P. D. (1999). Charitable and Social Change Giving in the New Millenium, Fund Raising Management, Vol. 30, pp. 32-37. Hughes, M. (2002). They’re willing to donate. The Guardian, Saturday, October 12. Jaklevic, M. C. (2000). Charity finances health care: Donors are opening wallets to pay for million-dollar projects. Modern Healthcare, Vol. 30, pp. 26. Kestnbaum, Robert D. , Kestnbaum, Kate, and Ames, Pamela (1998). Building a Longitudinal Contact Strategy. Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 12, 1, pp. 56-62. Landesman, C. (1995). The Voluntary Provision of Public Goods. Dissertation, Princeton University. Macaulay, J. R. (1970). A Shill for Charity. Altruism and Helping Behavior. New York: Academic Press, 1970. Nelson, J. (2001). Gender and Philanthropy. Bloomberg News, May, 26. Newman, R. (1996). Know your donor: gender differences in giving. Fund Raising Management, 27(5), pp. 31-32. Newman, R. (2000). Gender differences in Philanthropy. Fund Raising Management, 30(13), pp. 28-30. Nowell, C. and Tinkler, S. (1994). The influence of gender on the provision of a public good. Journal of Behavior and Organization, Vol. 25, pp. 25-36. Oakes, G. 1984). Georg Simmel: On women, sexuality, and love. New Haven: Yale University Press. Peltier, James, Schibrowsky, John, and Schultz, Don (2002). Leveraging Customer Information to Develop Sequential Communication Strategies: A Case Study of Charitable-Giving Behavior. Journal of Advertising Research, July-August, 23-33. Peltier, James, Schibrowsky, John, and Davis, John (1998). Using Attitudinal and Descriptive Database Information to Understand Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 12, 2, pp. 32-45. Radley, A. and M. Kennedy (1995). Charitable giving by individuals: A study of attitudes and practices. Human Relations, Vol. 48, pp. 685-710. Rapoport, A. and Chammah, A. K. (1965). Sex differences in factors contributing to the level of cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma game. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 2, pp. 831-38. Sell, J. Griffith, W. I. and R. K. Wilson (1993). Are women more cooperative than men in social dilemmas? Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 56, pp. 211-222. Shinkman, R. (2001). A Time to be Generous. Modern Healthcare, Vol. 31, pp. 45. White, John and Miles, Morgan (1996). The Financial Implications of Advertising as an Investment. Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 36, 4, pp. 43-53. 80

Segregation between the Poor and the Rich an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Segregation between the Poor and the Rich by Expert Gabrielle | 06 Dec 2016 Introduction Need essay sample on "Segregation between the Poor and the Rich" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The term segregation creates a distinction between one group of people from another, this is normally based on the skin color, facial features and the hair texture and economic stability, it normally vary depending on the culture, and social economic factors in the society. The relationship between the poor and the rich in our world is shrinking especially in our cities. Whereby, we find various groups of people who are classified as follows; the capitalists these are those people who need cheap labor and infrastructure, the poor migrants who need jobs and a minimal secure housing and the public officials who need to juggle larger resource agendas and still get re-elected, these three types of people may not understand each other very well, but their interdependence is the most fundamental factor in their development in modern cities. Segregation Though it is hard to define a living process with so much experimentation and so many flavors, many people come up with ideas claiming that, the gap piding the poor and the rich is getting wider, as the process of development brings prosperity for some but further marginalizes the poor, it is found that the cases on urban insecurity, violence and environmental deterioration are going up and up, while the breakdown of neighborhoods, communities and families is eroding the social fabric which makes various cities decent places to live. This case is seen as a major mess in the living standards of people in many communities. Although, there are the rich and the poor at every scale, within the communities, cities, countries and regions and that in every context, it is generally the rich who are said to take the prerogative to solve problems and in this case of cities whereby, solutions put forward by the rich have not worked at all, but have made much harsher the poor peoples burden. While issues on infrastructure, real estate and investments get discussed in the cities, the problem of the urban poor get neglected, causing the inter-depended equations to get even more lopsided and the poor are sent back to where they started from their normal problems. These problems are always seen to be occurring on a daily basis as a result of the non-involvement of the poor in decision making. Meaning that, there are no solutions that work for the poor and that if there were, communities would already be using them. Most externally propagated alternatives are not providing the kind of solutions that were anticipated. It is argued that the development interventions which sought to deal with a single issue, no matter how well designed, they have not been able to deal with the reality that human beings have needs that are multi-faceted and interconnected needs, which can be resolved in discrete bits. Although very few resources get allocated to the problems affecting the poor, they get withdrawn when the poor people fail to participate in change processes which either scare them away or seem useless. We can count on cities expanding rapidly in the new millennium and also we can count on the increase in the number of the poor in the cities. Therefore, there are many questions on how to shake off this tradition which excludes the poor from participating in the exploration and testing of solutions which affects their own lives. And how to help these poor communities to replace the isolation of despair with the kind of solidarity and stamina they need to work towards such solutions this discussion presents a way forward to have poor people given a chance to participate in decision making for their development. Integration On the other hand, various development activists have come up with their own views on the poor and the rich. They argue that, exchange and exposure are terms to be used in building up relationships of trust and partnership across distances, where teaching and learning from each other becomes a natural way of strengthening self-worth. They claim that exchange is normally the root strategy for education and mobilization of the poor and by the poor. However, in the last few years, the kinds of exchange between the poor people were rare. There are increasing numbers of poor community groups moving around visiting each other, in their own cities and countries, also there are an increasing number of support organizations hustling to make this possible. But more and more development activists are welcoming this newly expanding and increasingly welcoming the exchange system as a new development tool. what exchange does is that it links the like minded people across distances, which involves the exchange of administrators, politicians and development professionals who move out of their own situations to learn, to meet peers and to fortify themselves with fresh ideas from elsewhere. The only problem faced by these activists is that the poor are not improving their lot better because they lack skills and that if they are trained in skills they will be able to stop the suffering and start prospering. According to researchers, the issues which inhibit the poor from participating in the economy and getting access to resources go way beyond managerial and technical skills and back to the old exclusion and bad planning by the rich. It is said that, the poor have the skills and the best solutions of all, but the only thing they lack is space and support to explore and refine them. In exchange, people do not get trained to do things; it is proven to be a useful isolation buster, confidence booster, option expander and a network builder. It represents a collective commitment of organizations of the poor to communicate with each other, examine their problems, set priorities and explore solutions to use each others ideas, through which they evaluate, refine the solutions and then spread them to other people. The kinds of explorations, invariably mean working with other development activists, including the state governments, non-governmental organizations and bilateral development agencies, in which exchange is also a powerful builder of networks and working alliances with sufficient scale to strengthen the representation of the poor in development debates and also to expand the roles that the poor can play in bringing about equity and social justice. Whereby, the large networks, which exchanges create, become a channel for direct, rapid transfer of ideas, strategies and options. Conclusion If poor communities are going to participate centrally in the development processes which affect them, there has to be a process of education in an organization and mobilization to prepare them. So that when they face a problem, they need to understand that problem and then examine all the available options, in the context of their own life and of the larger social environment. Under exchange nobody feels solely responsible for anybody elses welfare or happiness or intellectuals evolution. Each one is pretty much responsible for his or her education. Therefore the governments should empower the poor by improving the internal governance structures, finance management systems, skills knowledge and abilities. Promote linkages, learning and dialogue between the poor and support the formation of umbrella groups that can effectively negotiate member interests with outside activists. Support the participation of the poor particularly women, in all governance and policy formulation mechanisms both in local government and the administration, this would include schools and health committees. Promote an active culture that emphasizes the right to formation and support the developmental activists to demand information from all sectors including government, other Non-Governmental organisations in order to promote local accountability to the poor. The government should create an enabling environment which will influence change in policies, laws and institutions at national and international levels that is representative and protective of the interests of the poor and marginalized people. References Jenks, C. & Mayer, S. (1990): The consequences of growing up in a poor neighborhood, in Inner City Poverty in the United States. Lynn L. & McGeary, M.G.H. Edn pp.11- 186. Washington D.C. National Academy Press. Kearns, A. Urban Studies 38, 2103-10. Kein, J. (2004): A pioneer's perspective on the spatial mismatch literature. Urban Studies 41, 7-32. Lupton, R. & Power, A. (2002): Social Exclusion & Neighborhoods. In Understanding Social Exclusion; Hills J, Le Grand J. & Piachaud D. Edn pp. 118- 140. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Graduate School Essay

Graduate School Essay Graduate School Essay I am rendering my applicationfor a graduate program in your institution seeking for an opportunity to study in your graduate school in the department of Athletic Administration. This is my major in the degree programs across the university. I have been seeking for this opportunity to many institutions and found it exceptionally advisable to trust your graduate course in prospering and advancing my career in this field. I want to study Athletic Administration because I have a prospect that it will be of value in diversifying my experience as an athletic administrator and advance my knowledge in other fields that have been working on including coaching in basketball, outdoor tracking and as field coach in several sports in my career. This will have an input in generating confidence within me on handling respective tasks assigned under athletic administration and carrying out duties effectively with the expertise exercised from the graduate course practical lessons. I believe in the provision and maintenance of non-negotiable high standards and quality service in all fields with athletic administration not an exemption, which is why I feel I need more knowledge in this field by pursuing a degree from the institution. My end goal is to be an expert in this field, increase my productivity, and output in the athletic profession. I hold some experience in athletic administration as an Athletic Director at the Girls and Boys Club with expertise in administration. I also happen to hold surmountable experience as a basketball coach in a boys high school with expertise in advanced coaching. My greatest experiences extend as an Outdoor Track and Field coach in high school. Added to this experience is the 30 years in the teaching profession dealing, guiding and interacting with students of both sexes. During this period of my work at the Boys Girls Clubs in high schools, I had the best opportunity of observing and working with the existing athletic administration systems used currently but my zeal is to learn more and become an expert in the same field. I also happened to be in touch with other professionals in the same with diverse knowledge and expertise that they shared and it gives me a bigger challenge to advance my knowledge by exploring more and taking a degree course in athletic administration. Once I obtain the degree in athletic administration from the university, I will be well equipped to explore other fields and expertise areas in athletics including baseball, that I am a fun and indoor games including tennis and badminton. It will also be a high time that I venture into professional coaching with a greater expertise in athletics. This will be of value because I will practice athletic administration as a career and pursue a job in the same field to earn a living in such a diversified field of expertise. The athletic degree will give me a strong foundation and add to my analytical skills since the athletic profession involves many and long-term application required for the advancement of the profession. I have a belief that athletic administration is a remarkable blend of experience that can give me a chance of creativity and innovation and a chance to come up with an original point of view. I will also develop diversity in this field with an experience offered in your institution. My most valuable accomplishment has been the success of athletics performances in schools and for professionals where working with the participants will be of exceptional value in reaching my goals as an athletic administrator. I would be a pleasure to get started and complete the course in due time.

Teen Pregnancy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teen Pregnancy - Research Paper Example At least 60% of the children born to adolescent mothers are due to unwanted pregnancies (Mary et al 2001). In today’s society teen pregnancy is growing at an alarming rate even though the overall percentage of teen pregnancy is lower the question that arises is it still a huge problem that needs to be addressed immediately? For many countries teenage pregnancy is not a significant issue. For them it’s just a minor concern. Some even think that if children at an adolescence age do get involved in pregnancy matters it can be tackled. Is it so? People fail to comprehend the negative impact such matters bring to the community. Teenage pregnancy remains an issue for society at large although abstinence and the use of contraceptives is taught but still to no avail. Adolescent childbearing brings about negative impact on the teenager, the infant, teenagers parents and to the community. Very less option for future are left for the girls who become pregnant during their teen age. Lack of good education is one of the prime causes of teenage pregnancy. Being deterministic and effective firmly decides the goals one sets for himself/herself along with how much effort they put in and how long they strive despite the barriers they face. Not to forget the effort to recover in case if they lose. Students with no deterministic or effective approach tend to fall for such activities. An adolescent boy or a girl who are acquiring high educational goals are very rarely become teenage parents. Also parents who have high educational expectations from their teenage children make sure that their teens never get involved in such activities. The lack of care, family support, love, loyalty and importance pushes children to look for these feelings in someone else. Children from broken home (parents separated or divorced) or those children who have been